Functional Imaging in Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease
Dr. Johnson is a clinical neuropsychologist with research interests in brain function in Alzheimers Disease and related disorders and the effect of caloric restriction on brain aging. Current projects focus on A) the neurobiological and psychological processes that affect memory; B) early detection of Alzheimers Disease with multi-modal imaging including amyloid imaging; C) machine learning based multi-modal imaging markers of AD; D) enriching clinical trials and improving trial design with multi-kernel machine learning to speed the discovery of effective treatments for AD; E) Caloric Restriction effects of brain function and structure in non-human primates.
Representative Publications Ries, M.L., McLaren, D,G., Bendlin, B.B., Xu, G., Rowley, H.A., Birn, R., Kastman, E.K., Sager, M.A., Asthana, S., & Johnson, S.C. (2012). Medial prefrontal functional connectivity: relation to memory self-appraisal accuracy in older adults with and without memory disorders. Neuropsychologia, 50(5), 603-611.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.014
Okonkwo, O.C., Xu, G., Dowling, N.M., Bendlin, B.B., La Rue, A., Hermann, … Asthana, S., Sager, M.A. & Johnson, S.C. (2012). Family history of Alzheimer disease predicts hippocampal atrophy in healthy middle-aged adults. Neurology, 78(22), 1769-1776.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182583047
Bendlin, B.B., Carlsson, C.M., Johnson, S.C., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Willette, A.A., … Asthana, S., & Sager, M.A. (2012). CSF t-tau/A 42 predicts white matter microstructure in healthy adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Public Library of Science one, 7(6), e37720.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0037720
Wharton, W.L., Stein, J.H., Korcarz, C., Sachs, J., Olson, S.R., Zetterberg, H., … Johnson, S.C., Sager, M.A., Asthana, S., Carlsson, C.M. (2012). The effects of Ramipril in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease: Results of a pilot clinical trial. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 1387-2877.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.3233/JAD-2012-120763
Willette, A.A., Bendlin, B.B., Colman, R.J., Kastman, E.K., Field, A.S., Alexander, A.L., … Kemnitz, J.W., Weindruch, R.H., & Johnson, S. (2012). Calorie restriction reduces the influence of glucoregulator dysfunction on regional brain volume in aged rhesus monkeys. Diabetes, 61(5), 1036-1042.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.2337/db11-1187
Skoog, I., Olesen, P.J., Blennow, K., Palmertz, B., Johnson, S.C., & Bigler, E.D. (2012). Head size may modify the impact of white matter lesions on dementia. Neurobiology of Aging, 33(7), 1186-1193.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.01.011
McLaren, D.G., Ries, M. L., Xu, G., & Johnson, S.C. (2012). A generalized form of context-dependent psychophysiological interactions (gPPI): A comparison to standard approaches. NeuroImage, 61(4), 1277-1286.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.068
Willette, A.A., Gallagher, C., Bendlin, B.B., McLaren, D.G., Kastman, E.K., Canu, E., … Weindruch, R.H., Coe, C.L., & Johnson, S.C. (2012). Homocysteine, neural atrophy, and the effect of caloric restriction in rhesus monkeys. Neurobiology of Aging, 33(4), 670-680.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.06.003
Sridharan, A., Willette, A. A., Bendlin, B. B., Alexander, A. L., Coe, C. L., Voytko, M. L., . . . Weindruch, R. H., & Johnson, S. C. (2012). Brain volumetric and microstructural correlates of executive and motor performance in aged rhesus monkeys. Front Aging Neurosci, 4, 31.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2012.00031
Willette, A. A., Coe, C. L., Colman, R. J., Bendlin, B. B., Kastman, E. K., Field, A. S., . . . Weindruch, R. H., & Johnson, S. C. (2012). Calorie restriction reduces psychological stress reactivity and its association with brain volume and microstructure in aged rhesus monkeys. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37(7), 903-916.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.10.006
Carlsson, C.M., Xu, G., Wen, Z., Barnet, J.H., Blazel, H.M., Chappell, Stein, J.H., Asthana, S., Sager, M.A., … Johnson, S.C. (2011). Effects of atorvastatin on cerebral blood flow in middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease: A pilot study. Current Alzheimer Research, 9(8), 990-997..
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.2174/156720512803251075
Johnson, S.C., La Rue, A., Hermann, B.P., Xu, G., Koscik, R.L., Jonaitis, E.M., ... Asthana, S., Green, R.C., & Sager, M.A. (2011). The effect of TOMM40 poly-t length on gray matter volume and cognition in middle-aged persons with APOE ɛ3/ɛ3 genotype. Alzheimer's and Dementia, 7(4), 456-465.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2010.11.012
Pachauri, D., Hinrichs, C., Chung, M.K., Johnson, S.C., & Singh, V. (2011). Topology-based kernels with application to inference problems in Alzheimer's disease. Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on, 30(10), 1760-1770.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1109/tmi.2011.2147327
Austin, B.P., Nair, V.A., Meier, T.B., Xu, G., Rowley, H.A., Carlsson, C.M., Johnson, S.C., & Prabhakaran, V. (2011). Effects of hypoperfusion in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 26(3), 123-133.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.3233/jad-2011-0010
Gallagher, C.L., Oakes, T.R., Johnson, S.C., Chung, M.K., Holden, J.E., Bendlin, B.B., ... Brown, W.D. (2011). Rate of 6-[18f]fluorodopa uptake decline in striatal subregions in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 26(4), 614-620.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1002/mds.23503
Hinrichs, C., Singh, V., Xu, G., & Johnson, S.C. (2011). Predictive markers for AD in a multi-modality framework: An analysis of MCI progression in the ADNI population. NeuroImage, 55(2), 574-589.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.081
Gallagher, C. L., Johnson, S. C., Bendlin, B. B., Chung, M. K., Holden, J. E., Oakes, T. R., ... Brown, W. D. (2011). A longitudinal study of motor performance and striatal [18f]fluorodopa uptake in Parkinson's disease. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 5(3), 203-211.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1007/s11682-011-9124-5
Malandraki, G.A., Johnson, S.C., & Robbins, J. (2011). Functional MRI of swallowing: From neurophysiology to neuroplasticity. Head and Neck, 33(S1), S14-S20.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1002/hed.21903
Canu, E., McLaren, D.G., Fitzgerald, M.E., Bendlin, B.B., Zoccatelli, G., Alessandrini, F. … Johnson, S. C., & Frisoni, G. B. (2011). Mapping the structural brain changes in Alzheimer's disease: The independent contribution of two imaging modalities. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 26(3), 263-274.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.3233/jad-2011-0040
Bendlin, B. B., Canu, E., Willette, A., Kastman, E.K., McLaren, D.G., Kosmatka, K.J., … Coe, C.L., Weindruch, R.H., Alexander, A.L., & Johnson, S. C. (2011). Effects of aging and calorie restriction on white matter in rhesus macaques. Neurobiology of Aging, 32(12), 2319.e1-2319.e11.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.008
Humbert, I.A., MacLaren, D.G., Malandraki, G., Johnson, S.C., & Robbins, J. (2011). Swallowing Intentional Off-State in Aging and Alzheimer’s disease: Preliminary Study. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 26(2), 347-54.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.3233/JAD-2011-110380
Wharton, W., Baker, L. D., Gleason, C. E., Dowling, M., Barnet, J. H., Johnson, S., . . . Asthana, S. (2011). Short-term hormone therapy with transdermal estradiol improves cognition for postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 26(3), 495-505.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.3233/jad-2011-110341
Bendlin, B.B., Fitzgerald, M.E., Ries, M.L., Xu, G., Kastman, E.K., Thiel, B.W., Rowley, H.A., Lazar, M., Alexander, A.L., & Johnson, S.C. (2010). White matter in aging and cognition: A cross-sectional study of microstructure in adults aged eighteen to eighty-three. Developmental Neuropsychology.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1080/87565641003696775
Bendlin, B.B., Carlsson, C.M., Gleason, C.E., Johnson, S.C., Sodhi, A., Gallagher, C.L., Puglielli, L., Engelman, C.D., Ries, M.L., Xu, G., Wharton, W., & Asthana, S. (2010). Midlife predictors of Alzheimer's disease. Maturitas, 65(2), 131-137. Click here to download this publication.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.12.014
Humbert, I.A., McLaren, D.G., Kosmatka, K., Fitzgerald, M., Johnson, S., Porcaro, E., Kays, S., Umoh, E.O., & Robbins, J. (2010). Early deficits in cortical control of swallowing in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 19(4), 1185-97.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.3233/JAD-2010-1316
Khachaturian, Z.S., Barnes, D., Einstein, R., Johnson, S., Lee, V., Roses, A., Sager, M.A., et. al. (2010). Developing a national strategy to prevent dementia: Leon Thal Symposium 2009. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 6(2), 89-97.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2010.01.008
Bendlin, B.B., Newman, L.M., Ries, M.L., Puglielli, L., Carlsson, C.M., Sager, M.A., … Asthana, S., & Johnson, S.C. (2010). NSAIDs may protect against age-related brain atrophy. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2(35).
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2010.00035
Bendlin, B.B., Ries, M.L., Canu, E., Sodhi, A., Lazar, M., Alexander, A.L., Carlsson, C.M., Sager, M.A. Asthana, S., & Johnson, S. C. (2010). White matter is altered with parental family history of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 6(5), 394-403.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2009.11.003
Ward, M. A., Bendlin, B. B., McLaren, D. G., Hess, T. M., Gallagher, C. L., Kastman, E. K., … Asthana, S., … Sager, M.A., & Johnson, S. C. (2010). Low HDL cholesterol is associated with lower gray matter volume in cognitively healthy adults. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2(29).
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2010.00029
Willette, A.A., Bendlin, B.B., McLaren, D.G., Canu, E., Kastman, E.K., Kosmatka, K.J., … Weindruch, R.H., Coe, C.L., & Johnson, S.C. (2010). Age-related changes in neural volume and microstructure associated with interleukin-6 are ameliorated by a calorie-restricted diet in old rhesus monkeys. NeuroImage, 51(3), 987-994.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.015
Kastman, E.K., Willette, A.A., Coe, C.L., Bendlin, B.B., Kosmatka, K.J., McLaren, D.G., … Weindruch, R.H., & Johnson, S. C. (2010). A calorie-restricted diet decreases brain iron accumulation and preserves motor performance in old rhesus monkeys. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(34), 11897-11904.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2553-12.2012
McLaren, D.G., Kosmatka, K.J., Kastman, E.K., Bendlin, B.B., & Johnson, S.C. (2010). Rhesus macaque brain morphometry: A methodological comparison of voxel-wise approaches. Methods, 50(3), 157-165.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.10.003
Xu, G., Rowley, H.A., Wu, G., Alsop, D.C., Shankaranarayanan, A., Dowling, M., … Johnson, S.C. (2010). Reliability and precision of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI on 3.0t and comparison with 15o-water pet in elderly subjects at risk for Alzheimer's disease. NMR in Biomedicine, 23(3), 286-293.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1002/nbm.1462
Canu, E., McLaren, D. G., Fitzgerald, M. E., Bendlin, B. B., Zoccatelli, G., Alessandrini, F., … Johnson, S. C., & Frisoni, G. B. (2010). Microstructural diffusion changes are independent of macrostructural volume loss in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 19(3), 963-976.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.3233/jad-2010-1295
Lin, F., Wharton, W., Dowling, N.M., Ries, M.L., Johnson, S.C., Carlsson, C.M., Asthana, S., & Gleason, C. E. (2010). Awareness of memory abilities in community-dwelling older adults with suspected dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 30(1), 83-92.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1159/000318752
McLaren, D.G., Kosmatka, K.J., Oakes, T.R., Kroenke, C.D., Kohama, S.G., Matochik, J.A., Ingram D.K., & Johnson, S.C. (2009). A population-average MRI-based atlas collection of the rhesus macaque. Neuroimage, 45(1), 52-59. Click here to download this publication.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.10.058
Xu, G., McLaren, D.G., Ries, M.L., Fitzgerald, M.E., Bendlin, B.B., Rowley, H.A., Sager, M.A., Atwood, C.S., Asthana, S., & Johnson, S.C. (2009). The influence of parental history of Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein E 4 on the BOLD signal during recognition memory. Brain, 132, 383-391. Click here to download this publication.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1093/brain/awn254
Colman, R.J., Anderson, R.M., Johnson, S.C., Kastman, E.K., Kosmatka, K.J., T. Beasley, T.M., Allison, D.B., Cruzen, C., Simmons, H.A., Kemnitz, J.W., & Weindruch, R. (2009). Caloric restriction delays disease onset and mortality in rhesus monkeys. Science, 325, 201-204. Click here to download this publication.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1126/science.1173635
Hengen, K.B., Behan, M., Carey, H.V., Jones, M.V., & Johnson, S.M. (2009). Hibernation induces pentobarbital insensitivity in medulla but not cortex. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 297(4), 1028-1036. Click here to download this publication.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00239.2009
Gleason, C.E., Carlsson, C.M., Barnet, J.H., Meade, S.A., Setchell, K.D., Atwood, C.S., Johnson, S.C., Ries, M.L., & Asthana, S. (2009). A preliminary study of the safety, feasibility and cognitive efficacy of soy isoflavone supplements in older men and women. Age and Ageing, 38(1), 86-93. Click here to download this publication.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1093/ageing/afn227
Humbert, I.A., Fitzgerald, S., McLaren, D., Johnson, S., Porcaro, E., Kosmatka, K., Hind, J., & Robbins, J. (2009). Neurophysiology of swallowing: Effects of age and bolus type. NeuroImage, 44(3), 982-991.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.10.012
Asenath, L.R., Hermann, B., Jones, J., Johnson, S.C., Asthana, S., & Sager, M.A. (2008). Effect of family history of Alzheimer’s disease on serial position profiles. Alzheimer’s and Dementia, 4(4), 285-290.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.03.009
Haasl, R.J., Reza Ahmadi, M., Vadakkadath Meethal, S., Gleason, C.E., Johnson, S.C., Asthana, S., Bowen, R.L., & Atwood, C.S. (2008). A luteinizing hormone receptor intronic variant is significantly associated with decreased risk of Alzheimer’s disease in males carrying an apolipoprotein E e4 Allele. BMC Medical Genetics, 9(1), 37.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1186/1471-2350-9-37
Ries, M.L., Carlsson, C.M., Rowley, H.R., Sager, M.A., Gleason, C.E., Asthana, S., & Johnson, S.C. (2008). MRI characterization of brain structure and function in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56(5), 920-934.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01684.x
Xu, G., Fitzgerald, M.E., Wen, Z., Fein, S., Alsop, D., Carroll, T., Ries, M., Rowley, H., Sager, M., Asthana, S., Johnson, S.C., & Carlsson, C.M. (2008). Atorvastatin therapy is associated with greater and faster cerebral hemodynamic response. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2(2), 94-104.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1007/s11682-007-9019-7
Carlsson, C.M., Gleason, C.E., Hess, T.M., Moreland, K.A., Blazel, H.M., Koscik, R.L., Schreiber, N.T.N., Johnson, S.C., Atwood, C.S., Puglielli, L., Hermann, B.P., McBride, P.E., Stein, J.H., Sager, M.A., & Asthana, S. (2008). Effects of simvastatin on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognition in middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimers disease. Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 13(2), 187-97.
Trivedi, M.A., Schmitz, T.W., Ries, M.L., Hess, T.M., Fitzgerald, M.E., Atwood, C.S., Rowley, H.A., Asthana, S., Sager, M.A., & Johnson, S.C. (2008). fMRI activation during episodic encoding and metacognitive appraisal across the lifespan: Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 46(6), 1667-1678.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.11.035
Bendlin, B.B., Ries, M.L., Lazar, M., Alexander, A.L., Dempsey, R.J., Rowley, H.A., Sherman, J.E., & Johnson, S.C. (2008). Longitudinal changes in patients with traumatic brain injury assessed with diffusion tensor and volumetric imaging. Neuroimage, 42, 503-51.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.254
Johnson, S.C., Schmitz, T.W., Asthana, S., Gluck, M.A., & Myers, C.E. (2008). Associative learning over trials activates the hippocampus in healthy elderly but not mild cognitive impairment. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 15, 129-14.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1080/13825580601139444
Johnson, S.C., Ries, M.L., Hess, T.M., Carlsson, C.M., Gleason, C.E., Alexander, A.L., Rowley, H.A., Asthana, S., & Sager, M.A. (2007). Effect of Alzheimer disease risk on brain function during self-appraisal in healthy middle-aged adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(10), 1163-1171.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1163
Ries, M.L., Jabbar, B.M., Schmitz, T.W., Trivedi, M.A., Gleason, C.M., Rowley, H.A., Asthana, S., & Johnson, S.C. (2007). Anosognosia in MCI: Relationship to activation of cortical midline structures involved in self-appraisal. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 450-61.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1017/S1355617707070488
Wung, J.K., Perry, G., Kowalski, A.., Harris, P.L.R., Bishop, G.M., Trivedi, M.A., Johnson, S.C., Smith, M.A., Denhardt, D.T., & Atwood, C.S. (2007). Increased expression of the remodeling- and tumorigenic-associated factor osteopontin in pyramidal neurons of the alzheimer's disease brain. Current Alzheimer Research, 4(1), 67-72.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.2174/156720507779939869
Trivedi, M.A., Ward, M.A., Hess, T.M., Gale, S.D., Dempsey, R.J., Rowley, H.A., & Johnson, S.C. (2007). Longitudinal changes in global brain volume between 79 and 409 days after traumatic brain injury: relationship with duration of coma. Journal of Neurotrauma, 24, 766-77.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1089/neu.2006.0205
Schmitz, T.W., & Johnson, S.C. (2007). Relevance to the self: A brief review and framework of neural systems underlying appraisal. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 31, 585-59.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.12.003
Trivedi, M.A., Schmitz, T.W., Ries, M.L., Torgerson, B.M., Sager, M.A., Hermann, B.P., Asthana, S., & Johnson, S.C. (2006). Reduced hippocampal activation during episodic encoding in middle-aged individuals at genetic risk for Alzheimer’s Disease: a cross-sectional study. BMC Medicine, 4, 1.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1186/1741-7015-4-1
Gleason, C.E., Schmitz, T.W., Hess, T., Koscik, R.L., Trivedi, M.A., Ries, M.L., Carlsson, C.M., Sager, M.A., Asthana, S., & Johnson, S.C. (2006). Hormone effects on fMRI and cognitive measures of encoding: Importance of hormone preparation. Neurology, 67, 2039-204.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000247277.81400.43
Johnson, S.C., Schmitz, T.W., Trivedi, M.A., Ries, M.L., Torgerson, B.M., Carlsson, C.M., Asthana, S., Hermann, B.P., & Sager, M.A. (2006). The influence of AD family history and APOE4 on mesial temporal lobe activation. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 6069-607.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0959-06.2006
Johnson, S.C., Schmitz, T.W., Moritz, C.H., Meyerand, M.E., Rowley, H.A., Alexander, A.L., Hansen, K.W., Gleason, C.E., Carlsson, C.M., Ries, M.L., Asthana, S., Chen, K., Reiman, E.M., & Alexander, G.E. (2006). Activation of brain regions vulnerable to Alzheimer’s disease: The effect of mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiology of Aging, 27, 1604-161.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.09.017
Johnson, S.C., Schmitz, T.W., Rowley, H.A., Alexander, A.L., Lee, J., & Davidson, R.J. (2005). The cerebral response during subjective choice with and without self-reference. J. Cogn. Neurosci., 17(12), 1897-1906.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1162/089892905775008607
Ward, M.A., Carlsson, C.M., Trivedi, M.A., Sager, M.A., & Johnson, S.C. (2005). The effect of body mass index on global brain volume in middle-aged adults: A cross-sectional study. BMC Neurol., 5(23).
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1186/1471-2377-5-23
Gleason, C.E., Cholerton, B., Carlsson, C.M., Johnson, S.C., & Asthana, S. (2005). Neuroprotective effects of female sex steroids in humans: Current controversies and future directions. Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 62(3), 299-312.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1007/s00018-004-4385-z
Gleason, C.E., Carlsson, C.M., Johnson, S.C., Atwood, C., & Asthana, S. (2005). Clinical pharmacology and differential cognitive efficacy of estrogen preparations. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1052, 93-115.
View publication via DOI: DOI:10.1196/annals.1347.007