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MIDUS Newsletters:
About MIDUS:
|
Ronald KleinM.D., New York University M.P.H., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
Epidemiology of Ocular Disease Associated with Aging and Diabetes
The objectives of our research program are to determine the prevalences, incidences and rates of progression of three age-related ocular diseases which are the leading causes of legal blindness in the United States: Macular degeneration, cataract, and glaucoma, as well as diabetic retinopathy and visual impairment. These population-based data are used to provide estimates of medical care needs, counseling, rehabilitative services, projection of costs, and developing preventive strategies. In addition, the objectives of our studies are to quantitate the association between incidence and progression of these ocular diseases and visual impairment and a number of potential risk factors such as blood pressure, cigarette smoking, other systemic and ocular diseases, socioeconomic factors, and genetic factors. A third objective of our work is to study the relationship of these diseases to the development of systemic complications (such as kidney disease, amputation, and death). In addition, we have ongoing studies of the epidemiology of age-related hearing loss (with Dr. Karen Cruickshanks). We are also closely collaborating with three other population-based studies which are using our protocols to detect and measure age-related eye diseases. Findings from some of these studies have been pooled to provide new insights regarding late age-related macular degeneration.
Another facet of our research program is the development of methods to objectively quantitate ocular disease from fundus photographs. This has led to the development of a system to classify age-related maculopathy, a leading cause of legal blindness in older Americans. This and other systems have been used to measure progression of eye disease in clinical trials and epidemiological studies.
We have recently developed approaches to capture retinal photographs in a digitalized format and grade retinal vessel caliber using newly designed computer-assisted software. Using these new methods, data from large population-based studies have shown that retinal arteriolar narrowing is a marker of incident coronary heart disease and stroke mortality, incident hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cognitive changes, independent of other risk factors for these conditions.
Representative Publications
Jun, G., Guo, H., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Wang, J.J., et al. (2009). EPHA2 is associated with age-related cortical cataract in mice and humans. PLoS Genet, 5(7): e1000584. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000584.
Nguyen, T.T., Wang, J.J., Sharrett, A.R., Islam, F.M.A., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Cotch, M.F., & Wong, T.Y. (2008). The relationship of retinal vascular caliber with diabetes and retinopathy: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Diabetes Care, 31(3), 544-549.
Hirai, F.E., Knudtson, M.D., Klein, B.E.K., & Klein, R. (2008). Clinically significant macular edema and survival in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 145(4), 700-706.
Edwards, A.O., Chen, D., Fridley, B.L., James, K.M., Wu, Y., Abecasis, G., Swaroop, A., Othman, M., Branham, K., Iyengar, S.K., Sivakumaran, T.A., Klein, R., Klein, B.E., & Tosakulwong, N. (2008). Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 49(4), 1652-1659. PMID: 18385087.
Shankar, A., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Nieto, F.J. (2008). Association between serum uric acid level and peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis, 196, 749-755.
Klein, R., Meuer, S.M., Knudtson, M.D., Iyengar, S.K., & Klein, B.E.K. (2008). The epidemiology of reticular drusen. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 145(2), 317-26.
Chang, B., Mandal, N.A., Yasumura, K., Chavali, V.R., Hawes, N.L., Khan, N.W., Hurd, R.E., Smith, R.S., Davisson, M.L., Kopplin, L., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Iyengar, S.K., Heckenlively, J.R., & Ayyagari, R. (2008). Age-related retinal degeneration (arrd2) and in a novel mouse model due to a nonsense mutation in the Mdm1 gene. Hum. Mol. Genet., 17(24), 3929-41. PMID: 18805803.
Sprague, B.L., Trentham-Dietz, A., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Cruickshanks, K.J., Lee, K.E., & Hampton, J.M. (2008). Physical activity, white blood cell count, and lung cancer risk in a prospective cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 17(10), 2714-22. PMID: 18843014.
Schubert, C.R., Carmichael, L.L., Murpy, C., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Cruickshanks, K.J. (2008). Olfaction and the 5-year incidence of cognitive impairment in an epidemiologic study of older adults. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 56, 1517-21. PMID: 18662205.
Klein, R., Knudtson, M.D., Lee, K.E., Gangnon, R.E., & Klein, B.E.K. (2008). Age-period-cohort effect on the incidence of age-related macular degeneration - The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Opthalmology, 115(9), 1460-1467. PMID:1876207.
Shi, W., Wahba, G., Wright, S., Lee, K.E., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2008). LASSO-Patternsearch algorithm with application to ophthalmology and genomic data. Statistics and its Interface, 1, 137-153. PMID: 18852828.
Moss, S.E., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2008). Long-term incidence of dry eye in an older population. Optometry and Vision Science, 85(8), 668-674.
Klein, R., Knudtson, M.D., & Klein, B.E.K. (2008). Pulmonary disease and age-related macular degeneration - The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Archives of Ophthalmology, 126(6), 840-846.
Klein, R., Moss, S.E., Mcuer, S.M., & Klein, B.E.K. (2008). The 15-year cumulative incidence of retinal vein occlusion - The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Archives of Ophthalmology, 126(4), 513-518.
Klein, R., Knudtson, M.D., Cruickshanks, K.J., & Klein, B.E.K. (2008). Further observations on the association between smoking and the long-term incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration. Archives of Ophthalmology, 126(1), 115-121.
Cheung, N., Islam, F.M., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., & Wong, T.Y. (2008). Plasma sphingomyelin is not associated with microvascular changes in the retina: letter. Microvasc. Res., 75(1), 9.
Klein, B.E.K., Knudtson, M.D., Brazy, P., Lee, K.E., & Klein, R. (2008). Cystatin C, other markers of kidney disease, and incidence of age-related cataract. Arch. Ophthalmol., 126(12), 1724-30.
Liew, G., Sharrett, A.R., Wang, J.J., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Michell, P., & Wong, T.Y. (2008). Relative importance of systemic determinants of retinal arteriolar and venular caliber: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Arch. Ophthalmol., 126(10), 1404-10. PMID: 18852419.
Cheung, N., Klein, R., Wang, J.J., Cotch, M.F., Islam, A.F., Klein, B.E.K., Cushman, M., & Wong, T.Y. (2008). Traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 49(10), 4297-302. PMID: 18539932.
Klein, B.E.K., Knudtson, M.D., Lee, K.E., Reinke, J.O., Danforth, L.G., Wealti, A.M., Moore, E., & Klein, R. (2008). Supplements and age-related eye conditions - The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Opthalmology, 115(7), 1203-1208. PMID: 17997484.
Wong, T.Y., Liew, G., Tapp, R., Schmidt, M.I., Wang, J.J., Mitchell, P., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Zimmet, P., & Shaw, J. (2008). Relationship between fasting glucose and retinopathy for diagnosis of diabetes: A cross-sectional cohort study. Lancet, 371, 736-743.
Hirai, F.E., Moss, S.E., Klein, B.E.K., & Klein, R. (2008). Relationship of glycemic control, exogenous insulin, and c-peptide levels to ischemic heart disease mortality over a 16-year period in persons with older-onset diabetes: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes Care, 31(3), 493-497.
Klein, B.E.K, Klein, R., & Lee, K.E. (2008). Incidence of age-related cataract over a 15-year interval. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology, 115, 477-482.
Klein, R., Meuer, S.M., Knudtson, M.D., & Klein, B.E.K. (2008). The epidemiology of progression of pure geographic atrophy: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 146(5), 692-699.
Klein, R., Knudtson, M.D., Lee, K.E., Gangnon, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2008). The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy XXII the twenty-five-year progression of retinopathy in persons with Type 1 diabetes. Opthalmology, 115(11), 1859-1868.
Klein, R., Knudtson, M.D., Klein, B.E.K., Wong, T.Y., Cotch, M.F., Liu, K., Cheng, C.Y., Burke, G.L., Saad, M.F., Jacobs, D.R., & Sharrett, A.R. (2008). Inflammation, complement factor H, and age-related macular degeneration- The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Opthalmology, 115(10), 1742-1749.
Shankar, A., Li, J., Klein, B.E.K., Nieto, F.J., & Klein, R. (2008). Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase level and peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis, 199, 102-109. PMID: 1803742.
McGeechan, K., Liew, G., Macaskill, P., Irwig, L., Klein, R., Sharrett, A.R., Klein, B.E.K., Wang, J.J., Chambless, L.E., & Wong, T.Y. (2008). Risk prediction of coronary heart disease based on retinal vascular caliber [from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities [ARIC] Study). Am. J. Cardiol., 102(1), 58-63. PMID: 1857203.
Qui, C., Cotch, M.F., Sigurdsson, S., Garcia, M., Klein, R., Jonasson, F., Klein, B.E.K., Eiriksdottir, G., Harris, T.B., van Buchem, M.A., Gudnason, V., & Launer, L.J. (2008). Retinal and cerebral microvascular signs and diabetes: The Age, Gene/Environment susceptibility-Reykjavik Study. Diabetes, 57(6), 1645-50.
Trentham-Dietz, A., Sprague, B.L., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Cruickshanks, K.J., Fryback, D.G., & Hampton, J.M. (2008). Health-related quality of life before and after a breast cancer diagnosis. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 109(2), 379-87.
Cheung, N., Islam, F.M., Jacobs, D.R., Jr., Sharrett, A.R., Klein, R., Polak, J., Cotch, M.F., Klein, B.E.K., Ouyang, P., & Wong, T.Y. (2007). Arterial compliance and retinal vascular caliber in cerebrovascular disease. Ann. Neurol., 62(6), 618-624.
Lee, K.E., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R. & Meuer, S.M. (2007). Association of retinal vessel caliber to optic disc and cup diameters. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 48, 63-67.
Duggal, P., Klein, A.P., Lee, K.E., Klein, R., Klein, B.E., & Bailey-Wilson, J.E. (2007). Identification of novel genetic loci for intraocular pressure: A genomewide scan of the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch. Ophthalmol., 125(1), 74-9.
Nondahl, D.M., Cruickshanks, K.J., Dalton, D.S., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Schubert, C.R., Tweed, T.S., & Wiley, T.L. (2007). The impact of tinnitus on quality of life in older adults. J. Am. Acad. Audiol., 18(3), 259-268.
Cooper, L.S., Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Sharrett, A.R., Bryan, R.N., Hubbard, L.D., Couper, D., Heiss, G. & Sorlie, P.D. (2006). Retinal microvascular abnormalities and MRI-defined cerebral infarction: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke, 37(1), 82-86.
Fraser-Bell, S., Wu, J., Klein, R., Varma, R. & the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. (2006). Smoking, alcohol intake, estrogen use and age-related macular degeneration in Latinos: The Los Angles Latino Eye Study. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 141, 79-87.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., McBride, P.E., Reinke, J. & Knudtson, M.D. (2006). Medical records as sources of data on cardiovascular disease events in persons with diabetes. J. Diabetic Complications, 20(4), 224-227.
Klein, B.E.K., Meuer, S., Knudtson, M.D. & Klein, R. (2006). The relationship of optic disk cupping to retinal vein occlusion: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 141(5), 859-862.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Lee, K.E., Cruickshankds, K..J, & Gangnon, R.E. (2006). Changes in visual acuity in a population over a 15-year period. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 142(4), 539-549.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Moss, S.E., Wong, T.Y., & Sharrett, A.R. (2006). Retinal vascular caliber in persons with type 2 diabetes. The Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. XX. Ophthalmology, 113(9), 1488-98.
Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2006). The epidemiology of eye disease: from glycemia to genetics. Invest. Ophth. Vis. Sci., 47(5), 1747-1453.
Knudtson, M.D., Klein, B.E.K., & Klein, R. (2006). Age-related eye disease, visual impairment and survival: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch. Ophthalmol., 124(2), 243-249.
Knudtson, M.D., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2006). Physical activity and the 15-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Br. J. Ophthalmol., 90, 1461-1463.
Xing, C., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Jun, G., Lee, K.E., & Iyengar, S. (2006). A genome-wide linkage study of retinal vessel diameters in Beaver Dam Eye Study. Hypertension, 47(4), 797-802.
Shankar, A., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., & Nieto, F.J. (2006). The association of between serum uric acid level and long-term incidence of hypertension: population-based cohort study. J. Hum. Hypertens., 20(12), 937-45.
Shankar, A., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2006). The association between smoking, heavy drinking and chronic kidney disease. Am. J. Epidemiol., 164(3), 263-271.
Wang, J.J., Cugati, S., Knudtson, M.D., Rochtchina, E., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Wong, T.Y., & Mitchell, P. (2006). Retinal arteriolar emboli and long-term mortality: Pooled data analysis from two older populations. Stroke, 37, 1833-6.
Witt, N., Wong, T.Y., Hughes, A.D., Klein, B.E.K., Chaturvedi, N., Evan, R., McNamara, M., Thom, S.A., & Klein, R. (2006). Abnormalities of the retinal microvasculature and risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke. Hypertension, 47(5), 975-81.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Lee, K.E., & Grady, L.M. (2006). Statin use and incident nuclear cataract. JAMA, 295(23), 2752-2758.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Knudtson, M.D. (2006). Lens opacities associated with performance-based and self-assessed visual functions. Ophthalmology, 113(8), 1257-1263.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Knudtson, M.D. (2006). Frailty and age-related cataract. Ophthalmology, 113(12), 2209-12.
Haan, M.N., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Deng, Y., Blythe, L.K., Seddon, J.M., Musch, D.C., Kuller, L.H., Hyman, L.G., & Wallace, R.B. (2006). Hormone therapy and age-related macular degeneration: The Women’s Health Initiative Sight Exam Study. Arch. Opthalmol., 124(7), 988-992.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Knudtson, M.D., Wong, T.Y. & Tsai, M. (2006). Are inflammatory factors related to retinal vessel caliber? The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch. Opthalmol., 124(1), 87-94.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Lee, K.E., Knudtson, M.D. & Tsai, M.Y. (2006). Markers of inflammation, vascular endothelial dysfunction and age-related cataract. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 141, 116-122.
Nondahl, D.M., Cruickshanks, K.J., Dalton, D.S., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Tweed, T.S., & Wiley, T.L. (2006). The use of hearing protection by older adults during recreational noise exposure. Noise and Health, 8, 147-153.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E., Lee, K.E., Cruickshanks, K.J., & Gangnon, R.E. (2006). Changes in visual acuity in a population over a 15-year period: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 142, 539-49.
Klein, R. (2005). A simplified severity scale for age-related macular degeneration: AREDS Report No. 18. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Arch. Ophthalmol., 123(11), 1570-1574.
Klein, R. (2005). The Age-Related Eye Disease Study Severity Scale for age-related macular degeneration: AREDS Report No. 17. Arch. Ophthalmol., 123(11), 1484-1498.
Broman, A.T., Hafiz, G., Ménoz, B., Rodriguez, J., Snyder, R., Klein, R. & West, S.K. (2005). Do Hispanics have more cataract? Cataract and barriers to cataract surgery in a US Hispanic population. Proyecto VER. Arch. Opthalmol., 123, 1231-1236.
Clemons, T.E., Milton, R.C., Klein, R., Seddon, J.M. & Ferris, F.S., 3rd. (2005). Risk factors for the incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). AREDS Report No. 19. Ophthalmology, 112, 533-539.
Duggal, P., Klein, A.P., Lee, K.E., Iyengar, S.K., Klein, R., Bailey-Wilson, J.E., & Klein, B.E.K. (2005). A genetic contribution to intraocular pressure: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 46(2), 555-560.
Edwards, M.S., Wilson, D.B., Craven, T.E., Stafford, J., Fried, L.F., Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Burke, G.L., & Hansen, K.J. (2005). Associations between retinal microvascular abnormalities and declining renal function in the elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 46, 214-224.
Emanuele, N., Sacks, J., Klein, R., Reda, D., Anderson, R., Duckworth, W., & Abraira, C. (2005). Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial Group. Ethnicity, race and baseline retinopathy correlates in the Veterans Diabetes Trial. Diabetes Care, 28(8), 1954-1958.
Ferris, F.L., Davis, M.D., Clemons, T.E., Lee, L.Y., Chew, E.Y., Lindblad, A.S., Milton, R.C., Bressler, S.B. & Klein, R. (2005). Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) Research Group. A simplified severity scale for age-related macular degeneration: AREDS Report No. 18. Arch. Ophthalmol., 123(11), 1570-4.
Fisher, S.A., Abecasis, G.R., Yashar, B.M., Zareparsi, S., Swaroop, A., Iyengar, S.K., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Lee, K.E., Majewski, J., Schultz, D.W., Klein, M.L., Seddon, J.M., Santangelo, S.L., Weeks, D.E., Conley, Y.P., Mah, T.S., Schmidt, S., & Hain (2005). Meta-analysis of genome scans of age-related macular degeneration. Hum. Mol. Genet., 14, 2257-2264.
Fraser-Bell, S., Donofrio, J., Wu, J., Klein, R., Azen, S.P., Varma, R. & the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. (2005). Sociodemographic factors and age-related macular degeneration in Latinos: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 139, 30-38.
Globe, D.R., Varma, R., Torres, M., Wu, J., Klein, R. & Azen, S.P. for the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. (2005). Self-reported comorbidities and visual function in a population-based study. The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. Arch. Ophthalmol., 123, 815-821.
Hallman, D.M., Huber, J.C., Jr., Gonzalex, V.H., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Hanis, C.L. (2005). Familial aggregation of severity of diabetic retinopathy in Mexican Americans from Starr County Texas. Diabetes Care, 28, 1163-1168.
Hanley, A., Harris, S.B., Mamakeesick, M., Goodwin, K., Fiddler, E., Hegele, R., Spence, R., House, A., Brown, E., Schoales, B., McLaughlin, J., Klein, R. & Zinman, B. (2005). Complications of type 2 diabetes among Aboriginal Canadians: prevalence and associated risk factors. Diabetes Care, 28(8), 2054-2057.
Jackson, G.R., McGwin, G., Jr, Phillips, J.M., Klein, R., & Owsley, C. (2005). Impact of aging and age-related maculopathy on inactivation of the a-wave of the rod-mediated electroretinogram. Vision Research, 46(8-9), 1422-31.
Klein, A.P., Duggal, P., Lee, K.E., O’Neill, J.A., Klein, R., Bailey-Wilson, J.E., & Klein, B.E.K. (2005). Polygenic effects and cigarette smoking account for a portion of the familial aggregation of nuclear sclerosis. Am. J. Epidemiol., 161, 707-13.
Klein, B.E.K., Hubbard, L., Ferrier, N.J., Klein, R., Klein, D.J., Lee, K.L., Ewen, A., Jensen, K., & Evans, M.D. (2005). Detecting progression of nuclear sclerosis by using human grading versus semi-automated computer grading. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 46, 1155-1162.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Knudtson, M.D. (2005). Intraocular pressure and systemic blood pressure: longitudinal perspective. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Br. J. Ophthalmol., 89(3), 284-287.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Knudtson, M.D., & Lee, K.E. (2005). Frailty, morbidity, and survival. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr., 41, 141-149.
Klein, R., Meuer, S.M., Moss, S.E., Klein, B.E.K., Nieder, M.W. & Reinke, J. (2005). Detecting age-related macular degeneration: technologies are best compared when standardized [author reply]. Arch. Ophthalmol., 123, 1157-1158.
Klein, R., Zinman, B., Gardiner, R., Suissa, S., Donnelly, S.M., Sinaiko, A.R., Kramer, M.S., Goodyer, P., Moss, S.E., Strand, T., & Mauer, M. (2005). The relationship of diabetic retinopathy to preclinical diabetic glomerulopathy lesions in type 1 diabetic patients: the Renin-Angiotensin System Study. Diabetes, 54, 527-533.
Klein, R. (2005). Diabetic retinopathy. Advanced Studies in Medicine, 5(4), S270-S275.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Knudtson, M.D., Wong, T.Y., Shankar, A. & Tsai, M.Y. (2005). Systemic markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and age-related maculopathy. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 140, 35-44.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K. & Knudtson, M.D. (2005). Frailty and age-related macular degeneration. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 140, 129-131.
Knudtson, M.D., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Shankar. A. (2005). Associations with weight loss and subsequent mortality risk. Ann. Epidemiol., 15(7), 483-491.
Lee, S.C., Lee, E.T., Wang, Y., Klein, R., Kingsley, R.M., & Warn, A. (2005). Computer classification of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol., 123, 759-764.
Leung, H., Wang, J.J., Rochtchina, E., Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., & Mitchell, P. (2005). Dyslipidaemia and microvascular disease in the retina. Eye, 19(8), 861-868.
Mitchell, P., Leung, H., Wang, J.J., Rochtchina, E., Lee, A.J., Wong, T.Y., & Klein, R. (2005). Retinal vessel diameter and open-angle glaucoma: The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology, 112, 245-250.
Mitchell, P., Wang, J.J., Klein, R., Wong, T.Y., Smith, W., Leeder, S., & Jakobsen, K. (2005). Retinal microvascular signs and risk of stroke and stroke mortality. Neurology, 65(7), 1005-1009.
Moss, S.E., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2005). Ankle-brachial index and the prevalence of age-related maculopathy. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 140(6), 1159-1161.
Muñoz, B., Klein, R., Rodriguez, J., Snyder, R., & West, S.K. (2005). Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in a population-based sample of hispanic people in Arizona: Proyecto VER. Arch. Ophthalmol., 123, 1575-1580.
Nondahl, D.M., Klein, B.E., Klein, R., Cruickshanks, K.J., Tweed, T.S., & Wiley, T.L. (2005). Factors predicting severity of tinnitus: a population-based assessment. J. Am. Acad. Audiol., 16, 196; author reply 197.
Puent, B.D., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Cruickshanks, K.J., & Nondahl, D.M. (2005). Factors related to vision care in an older adult cohort. Optom. Vis. Sci., 82, 612-616.
Sjolie, A.K., Porta, M., Parving, H.H., Bilous, R., & Klein, R. for the The DIRECT Programme Study Group. (2005). The Diabetic Retinopathy Candasartan Trials (DIRECT) Programme: Baseline characteristics. J. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst., 6, 25-32.
Torre, P.3rd, Cruickshanks, K.J., Klein, B.E., Klein, R., & Nondahl, D.M. (2005). The association between cardiovascular disease and cochlear function in older adults. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res., 48(2), 473-81.
Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Knudtson, M.D., & Hubbard, L.D. (2005). Medication use and retinal vessel diameters. Am. J. Opthalmol., 139(2), 373-375.
Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Rosamond, W., Folsom, A.R., Sharrett, A.R., Couper, D.J., & Hubbard, L.D. (2005). Retinopathy and the risk of congestive heart failure. JAMA, 293(1), 63-69.
Wong, T.Y., Knudtson, M.D., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Hubbard, L.D. (2005). Estrogen replacement therapy and retinal vascular caliber. Ophthalmology, 112, 553-558.
Wong, T.Y., Marino Laren, E.K., Klein, R., Mitchell, P., Couper, D.J., Klein, B.E.K., Hubbard, L.D., Siscovick, D.S., & Sharrett, A.R. (2005). Cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities & Cardiovascular Health Studies. Ophthalmology, 112, 540-547.
Wong, T.Y., Shankar, A., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., & Hubbard, L.D. (2005). Retinal arteriolar narrowing hypertension and subsequent risk of diabetes mellitus. Arch. Int. Med., 165, 1060-1065.
Zhou, H., Isaman, D.J., Messinger, S., Brown, M.B., Klein, R., Brandle, M., & Herman, W.H. (2005). A computer simulation model of diabetes progression, quality of life, and cost. Diabetes Care, 28(12), 2856-63.
Jun, G., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Fox, K., Millard, C., Humphrey, J., Russo, K., Lee, K.E., Elston, R.C. & Iyengar, S.K. (2005). Genome-wide analyses demonstrate novel loci that predispose to drusen formation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 46, 3081-3088.
Klein, A.P., Duggal, P., Lee, K.E., Klein, R., Bailey-Wilson, J.E., & Klein, B.E.K. (2005). Support for polygenic influences on ocular refractive error. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 46, 442-446.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., McBride, P., Moss, S.E., Prineas, R., & Reinke, J. (2005). Electrocardiographic abnormalities in persons with long duration type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 28(1), 145-147.
Knudtson, M.D., Klein, B.E., Klein, R., Cruickshanks, K.J., & Lee, K.E. (2005). Age-related eye disease, quality of life, and functional activity. Arch. Ophthalmol., 123, 807-814.
Iyengar, S.K., Song, D., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Schick, J.H., Humphrey, J., Millard, C., Liptak, R., Russo, K., Jun, G., Lee, K.E., Fijal, B., & Elston, R.C. (2004). Dissection of genomewide-scan data in extended families reveals a major locus and oligogenic susceptibility for age-related macular degeneration. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 74, 20-39.
Wong, T.Y., Shankar, A., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2004). Retinal vessel diameters and the incidence of gross proteinuria and renal insufficiency in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes, 53, 179-184.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Lee, K.E. (2004). Heritability of risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 45, 59-62.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Moss, S.E., Wong, T.Y., Hubbard, L., Cruickshanks, K.J., & Palta, M. (2004). The relation of retinal vessel caliber to the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. XIX: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol., 122, 76-83.
Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Sharrett, A.R., Duncan, B.B., Couper, D.J., Klein, B.E.K., Hubbard, L.D., & Nieto, F.J. (2004). A prospective study of retinal arteriolar diameters and risk of hypertension. Ann. Intern. Med., 140, 248-255.
Moss, S.E., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2004). Incidence of dry eye in an older population. Arch. Ophthalmol., 122, 369-373.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Tomany, S.C., & Wong, T.Y. (2004). The relation of retinal microvascular characteristics to age-related eye diseases. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 137, 435-444.
Roy, M.S., Klein, R., OColmain, B.J., Klein, B.E.K., Moss, S.E., & Kempen, J.H. (2004). The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among adult type 1 diabetic persons in the United States. Arch. Ophthalmol., 122, 546-551.
Tomany, S.C., Cruickshanks, K.J., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., & Knudtson, M.D. (2004). Sunlight and the 10-year incidence of age-related maculopathy: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch. Ophthalmol., 122, 750-757.
Shankar, A., Klein, B.E.K., & Klein, R. (2004). The relationship between white blood cell count and incident hypertension. Am. J. Hypertension, 17, 233-239.
van Leeuwn, R., Tomany, S.C., Wang, J.J., Klein, R., Mitchell, P., Hofman, A., Klein, B.E.K., Vingerling, J.R., Cumming, R.G., de Jong, P.T.V.M. (2004). Is medication use associated with the incidence of early age-related maculopathy? Pooled findings from 3 continents. Ophthalmology, 111, 1169-1175.
Fraser-Bell, S., Ying-Lai, M., Klein, R., & Varma, R. (2004). Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in Latinos: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 45(6), 1732-1736.
Wong, T.Y., Knudtson, M.D., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Meuer, S.M., & Hubbard, L.D. (2004). Computer-assisted measurement of retinal vessel diameters in the Beaver Dam Eye Study: Methodology, correlation between eyes and effect of refractive error. Ophthalmology, 111, 1183-1190.
Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2004). Do statins prevent age-related macular degeneration? (Editorial). Am. J. Ophthalmol., 137, 747-749.
Wong, T.Y., Knudtson, M.D., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2004). A prospective study of retinal arteriolar narrowing and mortality. Am. J. Epidemiol., 159, 819-825.
Tomany, S.C., Wang, J.J., Van leeuwen, R., Klein, R., Mitchell, P., Vingerling, J.R., Klein, B.E.K., Smith, W., deJong, P.T.V.M. (2004). Risk factors for incident age-related macular degeneration. Pooled Findings from 3 continents. Ophthalmology, 111, 1280-1287.
Knudtson, M.D., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Lee, K.E., Meuer, S.M., Tomany, S.C. (2004). Location of lesions associated with age-related maculopathy over a 10-year period: the Beaver Dam Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 45, 2135-2142.
Wong, T.Y., Shankar, A., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., & Hubbard, L.D. (2004). Prospective cohort study of retinal vessel diameters and risk of hypertension. Brit. Med. J., 329, 79-82.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Knudtson, M.D. (2004). Lifestyle correlates of tooth loss in an adult Midwestern population. J. Public Health Dent., 64, 145-150.
Wong, T.Y., Coresh, J., Klein, R., Muntner, P., Couper, D.J., Sharrett, A.R., Klein, B.E.K., Heiss, G., Hubbard, L.D., & Duncan, B.B. (2004). Retinal microvascular abnormalities and renal dysfunction: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 15, 2469-2476.
Zhang, H.H., Wahba, G., Lin, Y., Voelker, M., Ferris, M., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2004). Variable selection and model building via likelihood basis pursuit. J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 99, 659-672.
Iyengar, S.K., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Gyungah, J., Schick, J., Millard, C., Liptak, R., Russo, K., Lee, K., & Elson, R. (2004). Identification of a major locus for age-related cortical cataract on chromosome 6p12-q12 in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 14485-14490.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., McBride, P.E., Cruickshanks, K.J., Palta, M., Knudtson, M.D., Moss, S.E., & Reinke, J.O. (2004). Cardiovascular disease, mortality, and retinal microvascular characteristics in type 1 diabetes Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Arch. Intern. Med., 164, 1917-1924.
Wong, T.Y., Duncan, B.B., Golden, S.H., Klein, R., Couper, D.J., Klein, B.E.K., Hubbard, L.D., Sharrett, A.R., & Schmidt, M.I. (2004). Associations between the metabolic syndrome and retinal microvascular signs: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 45, 2949-2954.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Hall, E.R., Lee, K.L., & Jensen, K. (2004). The comparability of estimates of retroilluminated lens opacities as judged from film-based and digital imaging. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 138, 668-670.
Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2004). Author Reply to McGwin and Owesley’s letter to editor re: statins and age-related macular degeneration. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 138(4), 688-689.
Nondahl, D.M., Cruickshanks, K.J., Dalton, D.S., Schubert, C.R., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Tweed, T.S. (2004). Serum cotinine and incident hearing loss: a case/control study. Arch. Otolaryngol.--Head & Neck Surg., 130, 1260-1264.
Lee, K.E., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Knudtson, M.D. (2004). Familial aggregation of retinal vessel caliber in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 45(11), 3929-3933.
Klein, R., Meuer, S.M., Moss, S.E., Klein, B.E.K., Neider, M.N., & Reinke, J. (2004). Detection of age-related macular degeneration using a nonmydriatic digital camera and a standard film fundus camera. Arch. Ophthalmol., 122, 1642-1646.
Knudtson, M.D., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Wong, T.Y., Hubbard, L.D., Lee, K.E., Meuer, S.M., & Bulla, C.P. (2004). Variation associated with measurement of retinal vessel diameters at different points in the pulse cycle. Br. J. Ophthalmol., 88, 57-61.
Millen, A.E., Klein, R., Folsom, A.R., Stevens, J., Palta, M., & Mares, J.A. (2004). Relationships of dietary vitamins C and E to diabetic retinopathy in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79, 865-73.
Klein, B.E.K., Moss, S.E., Klein, R., Lee, K.E., & Cruickshanks, K.J. (2003). Associations of visual function with physical outcomes and limitations five years later in an older population: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology, 110, 644-650.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Knudtson, M.D., Lee, K.E., Danforth, L.G., Reinke, J.O., & Adler, A.M. (2003). Associations of selected medications and visual function: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Br. J. of Ophthalmol., 87, 403-408.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Marino, E.K., Kuller, L.H., Furberg, C., Burke, G.L., Hubbard, L.D. (2003). Early age-related maculopathy in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Ophthalmology, 110, 25-33.
Wong, T.Y., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Knudtson, M., & Lee, K.E. (2003). Refractive errors, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma in a white population. Ophthalmology, 110, 211-217.
Huang, G.H., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., & Tomany, S.C. (2003). Birth cohort effect on prevalence of age-related maculopathy in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am. J. Epidemiol., 157, 721-729.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Tomany, S.C., & Cruickshanks, K.J. (2003). The association of cardiovascular disease with the long-term incidence of age-related maculopathy: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology, 110(4), 636-643.
Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Duncan, B.B., Nieto, F.J., Klein, B.E.K., Couper, D.J., Hubbard, L.D., & Sharrett, A.R. (2003). Racial differences in the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy. Hypertension, 41, 1086-1091.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Lee, K.E., & Moore, E.L. (2003). Do multiple families alter estimates of risk for age-related cataract in a population based study? The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol., 10, 97-106.
Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Nieto, F.J., Klein, B.E.K., Sharrett, A.R., Meuer, S.M., Hubbard, L.D., Tielsch, J.M. (2003). Retinal microvascular abnormalities and ten-year cardiovascular mortality a population-based case-control study. Ophthalmology, 110, 933-940.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Tomany, S.C., & Cruickshanks, K.J. (2003). Association of emphysema, gout, and inflammatory markers with the long-term incidence of age-related maculopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol., 121, 674-678.
Schick, J.H., Iyengar, S.K., Klein, B.E., Klein, R., Reading, K., Liptak, R., Millard, C., Lee, K.E., Tomany, S.C., Moore, E.L., Fijal, B.A., Elston, R.C. (2003). A whole-genome screen of a quantitative trait of age-related maculopathy in sibships from the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 72, 1412-1424.
Millen, A.E., Gruber, M., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Palta, M., & Mares, J.A. (2003). Relations of serum ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol to diabetic retinopathy in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am. J. Epidemiol., 158, 225-33.
Tomany, S.C., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2003). The relationship between iris color, hair color, and skin sun sensitivity and the 10-year incidence of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology, 110, 1526-33.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Tomany, S.C., Danforth, L.G., & Cruickshanks, K.J. (2003). Relation of statin use to the 5-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol., 121, 1151-1155.
Wong, T.Y., Mosley, T.H., Jr., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Sharrett, A.R., Couper, D.J., Hubbard, L.D. (2003). Retinal microvascular changes and MRI signs of cerebral atrophy in healthy, middle-aged people. Neurology, 61, 806-811.
Cruickshanks, K.J., Tweed, T.S., Wiley, T.L., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Chappell, R., Nondahl, D.M., & Dalton, D.S. (2003). The 5-year incidence and progression of hearing loss: The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. Arch. Otolaryngol.-- Head Neck Surg., 129, 1041-46.
Knudtson, M.D., Lee, K.E., Hubbard, L.D., Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2003). Revised formulas for summarizing retinal vessel diameters. Curr. Eye Res., 27, 143-9.
Wang, J.J., Klein, R., Smith, W., Klein, B.E.K., Tomany, S., & Mitchell, P. (2003). Cataract surgery and the 5-year incidence of late-stage age-related maculopathy: Pooled findings from the Beaver Dam and Blue Mountains Eye Studies. Ophthalmology, 110, 1960-1967.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Moss, S.E., Wong, T.Y., Hubbard, H., Cruickshanks, K.J., & Palta, M. (2003). Retinal vascular abnormalities in persons with type 1 diabetes: The Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy XVIII. Ophthalmology, 110, 2118-2125.
Moss, S.E., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., & Wong, T.Y. (2003). Retinal vascular changes and 20-year incidence of lower extremity amputations in a cohort with diabetes. Arch. Intern. Med., 163, 2505-2510.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Moss, S.E., & Meuer, S.M. (2003). Retinal emboli and cardiovascular disease: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch. Ophthalmol., 121, 1446-1451.
Dalton, D.S., Cruickshanks, K.J., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Wiley, T.L., & Nondahl, D.M. (2003). The impact of hearing loss on quality of life in older adults. Gerontologist, 43, 661-8.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Lee, K.E., & Meuer, S.M. (2003). Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and the 10-year incidence of age-related cataracts. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 136, 506-512.
Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Meuer, S.M., & Hubbard, L.D. (2003). Retinal vessel diameters and their associations with age and blood pressure. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 44, 4644-4650.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Moss, S.E., & Meuer, S.M. (2003). Retinal emboli and cardiovascular disease: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc., 101, 173-182.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Knudtson, M.D., & Lee, K.E. (2003). Relationship of measures of frailty to visual function. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc., 101, 191-199.
Lee, K.E., Klein, B.E.K., & Klein, R. (2003). Familial aggregation of components of the multiple metabolic syndrome in the Framingham Heart and Offspring Cohorts GAW Problem 1. BMC Genet., 4(Suppl. I), S94.
Bressler, N.M., Bressler, S.B., Congdon, N.G., Ferris, F.L., III, Friedman, D.S., Klein, R., Lindblad, A.S., Milton, R.C., & Seddon, J.M. (2003). Potential public health impact of Age-Related Eye Disease Study results: AREDS report no. 11. Arch. Ophthalmol., 121, 1621-1624.
Nondahl, D.M., Cruickshanks, K.J., Wiley, T.L., Klein, R., Klein, B.E., & Tweed, T.S. (2003). Comment on tinnitus in older adults from the Blue Mountains Study by Sindhusade et al and comparison with tinnitus data from the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. Int. J. Audiol., 43, 60.
Millen, A.E., Gruber, M., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Wright, J.D., Palta, M., & Mares, J.A. (2003). Relationships of serum ascorbic acid and -Tocopherol to diabetic retinopathy in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Am. J. Epidemiol, 158, 225-233.
Nondahl, D.M., Cruickshanks, K.J., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Wiley, T.L., Tweed, T.S., & Pasic, T.R. (2002). Prevalence and 5- year incidence of tinnitus among older adults: The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. J. Am. Acad. Audiol., 13, 323-331.
Murphy, C., Schubert, C.R., Cruickshanks, K.J., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Nondahl, D.M. (2002). Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults: Results of an epidemiological study. JAMA, 288(18), 2307-2312.
Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Sharrett, A.R., Duncan, B.B., Couper, D.J., Tielsch, J.M., Klein, B.E.K., & Hubbard, L.D. (2002). Retinal arteriolar narrowing and risk of cornary heart disease in men and women: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. JAMA, 287, 1153-1160.
Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2002). Blood pressure control and diabetic retinopathy. Brit. J. Ophthalmol., 86(4), 365-367.
Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Sharrett, A.R., Schmidt, M.I., Pankow, J.S., Couper, D.J., Klein, B.E.K., Hubbard, L.D., Duncan, B.B., for the ARIC investigators. (2002). Retinal arteriolar narrowing and risk of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged persons. JAMA, 287, 2528-2533.
Wong, T.Y., & Klein, R. (2002). Retinal arteriolar emboli: epidemiology and risk of stroke. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, 13, 142-146.
Klein, R., Sharrett, A.R., Klein, B.E.K., Moss, S.E., Folsom, A.R., Wong, T.Y., Brancati, F.L., Hubbard, L.D., & Couper, D. (2002). The association of atherosclerosis, vascular risk factors, and retinopathy in adults with diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Ophthalmology, 109, 1225-1234.
Lee, K.E., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Wong, T.Y. (2002). Changes in refraction over 10 years in an adult population. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 43, 2566-2571.
Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Sharrett, A.R., Manolio, T.A., Hubbard, L.D., Marino, E.K., Kuller, L., Burke, G., Tracy, R.P., Polak, J.F., Gottdiener, J.S., & Siscovick, D.S. (2002). Retinal microvascular abnormalities in older persons: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Br. J. Ophthalmol., 8, 1007-13.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Tomany, S.C., Meuer, S.M., & Huang, G-H. (2002). The ten-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology, 109, 1767-79.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Lee, K.C. (2002). Incidence of age-related cataract over a 10-year interval. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology, 109, 2052-57.
Mares-Perlman, J.A., Fisher, A.L., Klein, R., Palta, M., Block, G., Millen, A.E., & Wright, J.D. (2001). Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the Diet and Serum and Their Relation to Age-related Maculopathy in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J. Epidemiol., (5), 424-432.
Cruickshanks, K.J., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., & Nondahl, D.M. (2001). Sunlight and the 5-yr incidence of early age-related maculopathy: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch. Ophthalmol., 119, 246-250.
Dalton, D.S., Cruickshanks, K.J., Wiley, T.L., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Tweed, T.S. (2001). Association of leisure time noise exposure and hearing loss. Audiology, 40, 1-9.
Mares-Perlman, J.A., Fisher, A.I., Klein, R., Palta, M., Block, G., Millen, A.E., & Wright, J.D. (2001). Lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet and serum and their relation to age-related maculopathy in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am. J. Epidemiol, 153(5), 424-432.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Lee, K.E. (2000). Reproductive exposures, incident age-related cataracts and age-related maculopathy in women. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 130, 322-326.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Moss, S.E. (2000). Lens thickness and five-year cumulative incidence of cataracts. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol., 7, 243-48.
Klein, R., Sharrett, A.R., Klein, B.E.K., Chambless, .LE., Cooper, L.S., Hubbard, L.D., & Evans, G. (2000). Are retinal arteriolar abnormalities related to atherosclerosis? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 20, 1644-1650.
Moss, S.E., Klein, R., & Klein, B.E.K. (2000). Prevalence of and risk factors for dry eye syndrome. Arch. Ophthalmol., 118, 1264-1268.
Wong, T.Y., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., & Tomany, S.C. (2000). Refractive errors and 10-year incidence of age-related maculopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 43, 2869-2873.
Mares-Perlman, J.A., Lyle, B.J., Klein, R., Fisher, M.S., Brady, W.E., VandenLangenberg, G.M., Jillian, N., Trabulsi, J.N., & Palti, M. (2000). Vitamin supplement use and incident cataracts in a population-based study. Arch. Ophthalmol., 118(11), 1556-63.
Lyle, B.J., Mares-Perlman, J.A., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Palta, M., Bowen, P.E., & Greger, J.L. (1999). Serum carotenoids and tocopherols and incidence of age-related nuclear cataract. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., (69), 272-277.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Moss, S.E. (1999). Mortality and hormone related exposures in women with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2, 248-252.
Klein, R. (1999). Guidelines for screening for diabetic retinopathy revisited [Editorial]. Ophthalmic Epidemiol., 6, 1-3.
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Jensen, S.C., Mares-Perlman, J.A., Cruickshanks, K.J., & Palta, M. (1999). Age-related maculopathy in a multiracial United States population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Ophthalmology, 106, 1056-1065.
Mares-Perlman, J.A., & Klein, R. (1999). Diet and age-related macular degeneration. In A. Taylor (Ed.), Nutritional and environmental influences on the eye. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Lyle, B.J., Mares-Perlman, J.A., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Greger, J.L. (1999). Antioxidant intake and risk of incident age-related nuclear cataracts in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am. J. Epidemiol., 149, 801-809.
Lyle, B.J., Mares-Perlman, J.A., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Palta, M., Bowen, P.E., & Greger, J.L. (1999). Serum carotenoids and tocopherols and incidence of age-related nuclear cataract. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 69, 272-277.
Cruickshanks, K.J., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Wiley, T.L., Nondahl, D.M., & Tweed, T.S. (1998). Cigarette smoking and hearing loss: The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. JAMA, 279(21), 1715-1719.
Popelka, M.M., Cruickshanks, K.J., Wiley, T.L., Tweed, T.S., Klein, B.E.K., & Klein, R. (1998). Low prevalence of hearing aid use among older adults with hearing loss: The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 46, 1075-1078.
Cruickshanks, K.J., Wiley, T.L., Tweed, T.S., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Mares- Perlman, J.A., & Nondahl, D.M. (1998). Prevalence of hearing loss in older adults in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin: The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. Am. J. Epidemiol., 148(9), 879-886.
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Lee, K.E. (1998). Renal function abnormalities and incident cataract after a five-year interval: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Curr. Eye Res., 17, 720-725.
Lyle, B.J., Mares-Perlman, J.A., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., & Greger, J.L. (1998). Supplement users differ from nonusers in demographic, lifestyle, dietary and health characteristics. J. Nutrition, 128, 2355-2362.
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2245 MSC
Madison, WI 53706
PH: 608.262.1818
FAX: 608.263.6211